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Self-assembled and selective-area growth of group III-nitride semiconductor nanorods by magnetron sputter epitaxy / Elena Alexandra Serban.

Şerban, Elena Alexandra, 1988- (författare)
Alternativt namn: Şerban, Alexandra, 1988-
Alternativt namn: Serban, Alexandra, 1988-
Alternativt namn: Serban, Elena Alexandra, 1988-
Hsiao, Ching-Lien, 1975- (preses)
Birch, Jens, 1960- (preses)
Persson, Per, 1971- (preses)
Hultman, Lars, 1960- (preses)
Monroy, Eva (opponent)
Linköpings universitet. Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi (utgivare)
Linköpings universitet Tekniska fakulteten (utgivare)
Publicerad: Linköping : Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 2018
Engelska 1 onlineresurs (47 sidor)
Serie: Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, 0345-7524 ; 1935
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  • E-bokAvhandling(Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2018)
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  • The III-nitride semiconductor family includes gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum nitride (AlN), indium nitride (InN), and the related ternary and quaternary alloys. The research interest on this group of materials is sparked by the direct bandgaps, and excellent physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the ternary alloys (InGaN, InAlN and AlGaN) present the advantage of bandgap tuning, giving access to the whole visible spectrum, from near infrared into deep ultraviolet wavelengths. The intrinsic properties of III-nitride materials can be combined with characteristic features of nanodimension and geometry in nanorod structures. Moreover, nanorods offer the advantage of avoiding problems arising from the lack of native substrates with film/substrate lattice and thermal expansion mismatch. The growth and characterization of group III-nitride semiconductor nanorods, namely InAlN and GaN nanorods, is presented in this Thesis. All the nanostructures were grown by employing direct-current reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy. The results include the growth and study of both self-assembled and site-controlled grown nanorods. In x Al 1-x N self-assembled, core-shell nanorods on Si(111) substrates were demonstrated. A comprehensive study of temperature effect upon the morphology and composition of the nanorods was realized. The radial nanorod heterostructure consists of In-rich cores surrounded by Al-rich shells with different thicknesses. The spontaneous formation of core-shell nanorods is suggested to originate from phase separation due to spinodal decomposition. As the growth temperature increases, In desorption is favored, resulting in thicker Al-rich shells and larger nanorod diameters. Moreover, the in-plane crystallographic relationship of the nanorods and substrate was modified from a fiber-textured to an epitaxial growth by removing the native SiOx layer from the substrate. Self-assembled growth of GaN nanorods on cost-effective substrates offers a cheaper alternative and simplifies device processing. Successful growth of high-quality GaN (exhibiting strong bandedge emission and high crystalline quality) on conductive templates/substrates such as Si, SiC, TiN/Si, ZrB 2 /Si, ZrB 2 /SiC, Mo, and Ti is supported by the possibility to be used as electrodes when integrated in optoelectronic devices. The influence of growth temperature upon the resulting size and optical properties of the nanorods was investigated. By applying a kinetic model, average diffusion length was calculated in correlation with growth temperature in order to explain the nanorods’ morphology evolution. The self-assembled growth leads to random nucleation, resulting in nanorods with large varieties of diameters, heights and densities within a single growth run. This translates into non-uniform properties and complicates device processing. These problems can be circumvented by employing selective-area growth. Pre-patterned substrates by nanosphere lithography resulted in GaN nanorods with controlled length, diameter, shape, and density. Well-faceted c axis oriented GaN nanorods were grown directly onto the native SiOx layer inside opening areas exhibiting strong bandedge emission at room-temperature and single-mode lasing. The time-dependent growth series helped define a comprehensive growth mechanism from the initial thin wetting layer formed inside the openings, to the well-defined, uniform, hexagonal nanorods resulted from the coalescence of multiple initial nuclei. Although nanosphere lithography is a fast and cheap patterning method, it does not offer the control on the size, position or density. The growth parameters were transferred onto focused ion beam lithography - patterned substrates which offers more control on the design. Focused ion beam lithography optimization included tailoring of the milling current (2-50 pA) and milling time (5-50 s). The patterning process optimisation enabled the minimization of mask and substrate damage, the key to attain uniform, welldefined, single, and straight nanorods. Destruction of the mask results in selective-area growth failure, while damage of the substrate surface promotes inclined nanorods grown into the openings, owning to random oriented nucleation. At lower growth temperatures (950 °C) nanostructures resulted from the coalescence of multiple, tilted, and irregular nanorods are observed. The tilting of the nanorods is reduced when increasing the growth temperature to 980 °C resulting in single and straight nanorods. The partial pressure of the Ar/N2 working gas was also varied for achieving selectivity and single nanorods, and study the growth behaviour. By increasing the amount of Ar in the working gas from 0 to 50%, we observe a transition of the target from a nitridized to metallic-state, affecting the sputtering conditions of the GaN nanorods. The change in the sputtering and deposition conditions influences the growth selectivity, coalescence, and growth rates. By balancing these effects, the selective growth of faceted, single nanorods was achieved. 

Ämnesord

Halvledare  (sao)
Optoelektronik  (sao)
Nanoelektronik  (sao)
Natural Sciences  (ssif)
Physical Sciences  (ssif)
Condensed Matter Physics  (ssif)
Naturvetenskap  (ssif)
Fysik  (ssif)
Den kondenserade materiens fysik  (ssif)
Semiconductors  (lcsh)
Nanoelectronics  (lcsh)

Genre

government publication  (marcgt)

Klassifikation

621.38152 (DDC)
Pcib (kssb/8 (machine generated))
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