The present article discusses toponyms in different languages referring to the same geographical location, making a distinction between similarity in sound (phonetic adaptation, name quotation, etc.) and similarity in sense (name translation, etc.). In the latter case, following Coates (2005), a distinction is made between semantic reference, onymic reference, and apparent etymological sense. The short theoretical introduction is illustrated with examples from bilingual or multilingual areas such as Southern Austria (Kärnten—with German and Slovenian place-names) and, particularly, Hong Kong, which exhibits an intricate interplay between two varieties of Chinese—Cantonese and Mandarin—and English, where, due to the funda- mental differences between the Chinese and English writing systems, particular attention is paid to the different Romanization methods for Chinese.
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